Agriculture:Many of the genetic
characteristics associated with the yield are controlled by a large number of genes, but the current genetic techniques work best for effects that are
controlled by a single gene. There are lots of problems which need to be tackle
using advancement in field of biotechnology.
Role of Biotechnology in Agriculture Protein
| Probelm |
Solution
|
The environmental adaptations of plants
|
Genes for drought and salt
tolerance
|
Nutrional traits
|
High –lysine seeds
|
Post harvest
|
Delay of fruit ripening
|
Using plants as bioreactors
|
Plastics, oils and drugs produced in plants
|
Crop pest
|
Herbicide tolerance; resistance to viruses, bacteria, fungi and
insects.
|
One of the best
known applications of genetic engineering is the creation of genetically
modified food. Ethical and safety concerns have been raised for the use of
genetically modified crops.
Molecular Genealogy
Molecular genealogy (also called
genetic genealogy) is the application of the techniques for characterization of
an individual’s DNA to the task of testing a hypothesis that two or more
individuals share a common ancestor and of estimating how far back in time that
ancestor lived. The Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF) is an
independent DNA and genealogical research institution with the goal of
demonstrating how the peoples of the world are related. SMGF collects DNA samples and genealogical
information across the globe to establish these connections. The main aim is to
build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over
world.
Model Organisms
A model organism is my any
species, other than human, that is extensively phenomena; the discovery made in
a model organism provides insight into the working of other organisms. The main
characteristic features of model organism are; short life-cycle, easy to
manipulate under experimental conditions and are easily available. There are
different model organisms for different groups of living beings. One of the
model systems for molecular biology was Escherichia coli, a common bacterium in
human digestive system. Some of the important model organisms are:
Viruses;
Phage lamda, TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus)
Prokaryotes;
E.coli, Bacillus subtills, Mycoplasma genitalium, Pseudomons florecens
Eukaryotes
Protists: Chlamdomonas reinhardtii, Dicyostelium disocideum
Fungi: Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Plants: Arabidopsis thalina, Maize, Lemna gibba
Animals : Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, Hydra, Guinea
pig, cat , mouse (Mus musculus)
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