(1) Cryptorchidism (" crypt" = hidden; "orchid"= tests): The condition in with testes do not descend into the scrotum.
(2) Inguinal hernias: Inguinal region is a weak area in the abdominal wall. Rupture or separation of a portion of the inguinal area of the abdominal wall results in the protrusion of a part of the small intestine into scrotum. this is known as inguinal hernia.
(3)Circumcision ( to cut around): It is a surgical procedure in which part or the entire prepuce (foreskin covering the penis) is removed. It is usually performed just after delivery, 3-4 days after birth, or on 8th day as part of a Jewish religious rite.
(4) Hysterectomy ("hyster" = uterus): It is the surgical removal of the uterus. It may be indicated in conditions viz. endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease , ovarian cyst, excessive uterine bleeding and cancer of cervix, uterus or ovaries.
(5)Amenorrhea ('a'= absence; "men" = month "rrhea"= a flow): It refers to absence of menstruation.
(6) Dysmenorrhea ("dys"= difficulty or painful menstruation.
(7) Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cyclical disorder of severe physiological and emotional stress before menstruation.
