The cellular organelles are
listed in the form of a table
Eukaryotic Cell Structures and their Functions
Structure
|
Description
|
Function
|
1.Plasma membrane
|
Phospholipid
bilayer with embedded proteins
|
Regulates what
passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition; connection and
adhesion; cell communication
|
2.Nucleus
|
Structure (usually
spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane
|
Instruction for
protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information
|
3.Chromosome
|
Long threads of
DNA that form a complex with protein
|
Contain hereditary information used to direct
synthesis of proteins
|
4.Nucleolus
|
Site of genes for
rRNA synthesis
|
Synthesis of rRNA
and ribosome assembly
|
5.Ribosomes
|
Small, complex
assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER
|
Sites of protein
synthesis
|
6.Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
|
Network of
internal membranes
|
Intracellular
compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and
synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins
|
7.Golgi apparatus
|
Stacks of
flattened vesicles
|
Packages proteins
for export from cell; forms secretary vesicles
|
8.Lysosomes
|
Vesicles derived
from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes
|
Digest worn-out
organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis
|
9.Microbodies
|
Vesicles that are
formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative
and other enzymes
|
Isolate particular
chemical activities from rest of cell
|
10. Mitochondra
|
Bacteria –like
elements with double membrane
|
“Power plants” of
the cell, * sites of oxidative metabolism
|
11.Chloroplast
|
Bacteria- like
elements with double membrane surrounding
a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment
|
Sites of
photosynthesis*
|
12. Cytoskeleton
|
Network of protein
filaments
|
Structural
support; cell movement; movement of vesicles within cells.
|
13. Flagella (cilia)
|
Cellular
extensions with 9+2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules
|
Motility or moving
fluids over surfaces
|
14. Cell wall
|
Outer layer of
cellulose or chitin; absent
|
Protection;
support
|
