Properties
|
α
|
β
|
γ
|
Origin
|
Nucleus
|
Nucleus
|
Nucleus
|
Nature
|
Positively charged
|
Negatively charged
|
Neutral
|
Composition
|
He⁴
|
1ᵉᴼ
|
Photo
|
Mass
|
6.4 x 10⁻³¹ kg
|
9.1 x 10⁻³¹ kg
|
Zero
|
Charge
|
+2e
|
-e
|
Zero
|
Chemical effect
|
Affects photo graphic plate
|
Affects photographic plate
|
Affects photo graphic plate
|
Effect of electric and magnetic field
|
Deflected
|
Deflected
|
No effect
|
Penetrating power
|
minimum
|
In between the other two
|
Maximum
|
Ionizing power
|
Maximum
|
In between the other two
|
Minimum
|
Velocity
|
Between 1.4 x 10⁷ m/s to 2.2 x 10⁷ m/s
|
1% to 99% of velocity of light
|
3 x 10⁸ m/s
|
With the emission an α-particle, atomic number is decreased
by 2 and mass member is decreased by 4.
With the emission of a β- particle atomic number is
increased by one and mass number does not change.
The effect on mass number and stomic number with the
emission of α, β and γ rays is decided by Group-displacement
law or Soddy –Fajan Law.
Radioactivity is detected by G.M. Counter.
The time in which half nuclei of the element is decayed is
called half life of the
radioactive substance.
Cloud chamber:
cloud chamber is used to detect the presence and kinetic energy of radioactive
particles. It was discovered by C.R.T. Wilson .
Radioactive carbon -14 is used to measure the age of fossils and plants. (Carbon dating) In
this metho age is decided by measuring the ratio of ₆ C¹² and ₆C ¹⁴.
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