Reflection from spherical mirror

Spherical mirror are of two types (i) Concave mirror and (ii) Convex mirror

Position & nature of image formed by a spherical mirror 

Position of object	Position of image	Size of image in comparison of object	Nature of image
Concave mirror
At infinity	At Focus	Highly diminished	Real, inverted
Between infinity and centre of curvature	Between focus and centre of curvature	Diminished	Real, inverted
At centre of  curvature	At centre of curvature	Of same size	Real, inverted
Between focus and centre of curvature	Between centre of curvature and infinity	Enlarged	Real, inverted
At focus	At infinity	Highly enlarged	Real, inverted
Between focus and pole	Behind the mirror	Enlarged	Virtual, erect
Convex mirror
At infinity	At Focus	Highly diminished	Virtual, erect
In front of mirror	Between pole and focus	Diminished	Virtual, erect

Note: Image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual, erect and diminished.

Uses of concave mirror:

(i)                  As a shaving glass.

(ii)                As a reflector for the head lights of a vehicle, search light.

(iii)               In ophthalmoscope to examine eye, ear, nose by doctors.

(iv)              In solar cookers.

Uses of Convex mirror:

(i)                  As a rear view mirror in vehicle because it provides the maximum rear field of view and image formed is always erect.

(ii)                In sodium reflector lamp.

Refraction of light: When a ray of light propagating in a medium enters the other medium, it deviates from its path. This phenomenon of change in the direction of propagation of light at the boundary when it passes from one medium to other medium is called refraction of light.

When a ray of light enters from rarer medium to denser medium (as from water to glass) it deviates towards the normal drawn on the boundary of two media at the incident point. Similarly in passing from denser to rarer medium, a ray deviates away from the normal. If light is incident normally on the boundary i.e. parallel to normal, it enters the second medium undeviated.