(1) Multiple selerosis is a disease that causes a progressive destruction of myelin sheath of neurons in the CNS. It is an auto-immune disorder.
(2)Epilepsy is hort, recurrent, periodic attacks of motor, sensory or psychological malfunction.
(3) Dementia - Permanent or progressive general loss of intellectual abilities, including memory.
(4)Alzheimer disease is a disease of aged persons (above 65) who lose the ability of reasoning, memory, read, write, talk, eat or walk including care for oneself and become confused, foregetful, disoriented with violent changes in mood.
The major cause of this disease is loss of neurons that liberate acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter). Interestingly amitabh Bachchan was suffering from this disease in movie "Black". Many eminent world personalities like American President Ronald Reagen, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher were also victims of this debilitating disease.
(5) Stroke is caused due to destruction of brain tissue, resulting in paralysis and loss of sensation.
(6) Parkinson disease is again a progressive disorder of the CNS that typically affects persons around age of 60. Patients suffer from involuntary skeletal muscle contractions, resulting in shaking or tremors, slow movements, difficulty in writing, walking and even speaking, decreased muscle tone, etc. It is caused due to imbalance of neurotransmitters - too little dopamine and too much acdetylcholine.
(7) Spinal cord may be damaged by a tumour, trauma or injury, blood clots, etc. Depending on the location and extent of damage, Paralysis may occur.
Monoplegia ("mono"= one, "plegia" = blow or strike). It is paralysis of one limb only.
Diplegia ("Di"= two) paralysis of both upper or lower limbs.
Paraplegia ("Para" = beyond) paralysis of both lower limbs.
Hemiplegia ("hemi" = half) paralysis of upper limb, trunk and lower limb on one side of the body.
Quadriplegia ("quad" = four)paralysis of all four limbs.
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