THE CELLULAR ORGANELLES

The cellular organelles are listed in the form of a table 

Eukaryotic Cell Structures and their Functions

Structure	Description	Function
1.Plasma membrane	Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins	Regulates what passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition; connection and adhesion; cell communication
2.Nucleus	Structure (usually spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane	Instruction for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information
3.Chromosome	Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein	Contain hereditary information used to direct synthesis of proteins
4.Nucleolus	Site of genes for rRNA synthesis	Synthesis of rRNA and ribosome assembly
5.Ribosomes	Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER	Sites of protein synthesis
6.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)	Network of internal membranes	Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins
7.Golgi apparatus	Stacks of flattened vesicles	Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretary vesicles
8.Lysosomes	Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes	Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis
9.Microbodies	Vesicles that are formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative and other enzymes	Isolate particular chemical activities  from rest of cell
10. Mitochondra	Bacteria –like elements with double membrane	“Power plants” of the cell, * sites of oxidative metabolism
11.Chloroplast	Bacteria- like elements  with double membrane surrounding a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment	Sites of photosynthesis*
12. Cytoskeleton	Network of protein filaments	Structural support; cell movement; movement of vesicles within cells.
13. Flagella (cilia)	Cellular extensions with 9+2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules	Motility or moving fluids over surfaces
14. Cell wall	Outer layer of cellulose or chitin; absent	Protection; support