The immune system of our body is our very own "in-built" mechanism to fight diseases. It is provided with specialized cells ('T' and 'B' lymphocytes) to kill any foreign antigen, which is capable of causing a disease. It springs into action, as soon as it encounters a foreign antigen or infectious agent.
If the immune system manages to Kill the infection, we don't actually come down with any disease and if it is able to control the number of infectious microbes, then the manifestation of disease is minor. It is only when these microbes are able to "fool" or evade the immune systems, that a person suffers from the disease.
(This system has been dealt in detail in Human Defense Mechanism)
If this "inherent" or "intrinsic" system fails, then the body needs the "extrinsic" mechanism.
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